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общая лексика
вирус Сендай
медицина
везикулярный стоматит
медицина
респираторно-синцитиальный вирус
Murine respirovirus, formerly Sendai virus (SeV) and previously also known as murine parainfluenza virus type 1 or hemagglutinating virus of Japan (HVJ), is an enveloped, 150-200 nm–diameter, negative sense, single-stranded RNA virus of the family Paramyxoviridae. It typically infects rodents and it is not pathogenic for humans or domestic animals
Sendai virus (SeV) is a member of the genus Respirovirus. The virus was isolated in the city of Sendai in Japan in the early 1950s. Since then, it has been actively used in research as a model pathogen. The virus is infectious for many cancer cell lines (see below), and has oncolytic properties demonstrated in animal models and in naturally-occurring cancers in animals. SeV's ability to fuse eukaryotic cells and to form syncytium was used to produce hybridoma cells capable of manufacturing monoclonal antibodies in large quantities.
Recent applications of SeV-based vectors include the reprogramming of somatic cells into induced pluripotent stem cells and vaccine creation. For vaccination purpose the Sendai virus-based constructs could be delivered in a form of nasal drops, which may be beneficial in inducing a mucosal immune response. SeV has several features that are important in a vector for a successful vaccine: the virus does not integrate into the host genome, it does not undergo genetic recombination, it replicates only in the cytoplasm without DNA intermediates or a nuclear phase and it is does not cause any disease in humans or domestic animals. Sendai virus is used as a backbone for vaccine development against Mycobacterium tuberculosis that causes tuberculosis, against HIV-1 that causes AIDS and against other viruses, including those that cause severe respiratory infections in children. The latter include Human Respiratory Syncytial Virus (HRSV), Human Metapneumovirus (HMPV) and Human Parainfluenza Viruses (HPIV).
The vaccine studies against M. tuberculosis, HMPV, HPIV1 and, HPIV2 are in the pre-clinical stage, against HRSV a phase I clinical trail has been completed. The phase I clinical studies of SeV-based vaccination were also completed for HPIV1. They were done in adults and in 3- to 6-year-old children. As a result of vaccination against HPIV1 a significant boost in virus-specific neutralizing antibodies was observed. A SeV-based vaccine development against HIV-1 has reached a phase II clinical trial. In Japan intranasal Sendai virus-based SARS-CoV-2 vaccine was created and tested in a mouse model.